CD28抗体

Human CD28 antigen is a 44 kDa disulfide linked homodimeric T cell specific surface glycoprotein. It is a cell adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily which is constitutively expressed on most peripheral blood T lymphocytes (approximately 95% of CD4+ cells and 50% of CD8+ cells). Mature thymocytes exhibit higher levels of CD28 than the immature cells. Activation of T cells results in enhanced CD28 expression. T cell activation requires two combined signals provided by antigen presenting cells. The first is mediated via the T cell receptor following its interaction with antigenic peptide MHC complexes, and the second is delivered by accessory or costimulating molecules through their counter receptors on T lymphocytes. CD28 bears structural homology to CTLA 4 which is expressed at very low levels on the surface of CD4+ and CD8+ peripheral blood cells only following activation. CD28 is the natural receptor for the B7/BB 1 ligand (CD80) a 55-60 kDa glycoprotein which is expressed on activated B lymphocytes, on dendritic cells and on interferon gamma treated monocytes. The binding of B7 1/BB 1 molecules to CD28 is involved in T lymphocyte activation and in the initiation and maintenance of chronic inflammation.
Function : Possibly involved in T-cell activation.
Subunit : Homodimer; disulfide-linked. Interacts with DUSP14. Binds to CD80/B7-1 and CD86/B7-2/B70.
Subcellular Location : Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.
Similarity : Contains 1 Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain.
CD28是免疫球蛋白超家族成员之一 ，为T细胞特异性由二硫键连接的同源二聚体表面糖蛋白，主要分布在外周血淋巴细胞。对迟发型超敏反应以及Tc介导的细胞毒作用都有免疫调节作用。